Upcycling the anaerobic digestion streams in a bioeconomy approach: A review
نویسندگان
چکیده
Gaseous and liquid anaerobic digestion (AD) streams, currently are at best used for electricity heat production or simply spreading the fields, respectively. However, economically produced from other renewables advanced fertilizers needed to avoid leaching boost nutrients capture. Hence, AD seeks new opportunities support circular bioeconomy. The overall objective of this review is present state-of-the-art resource recovery routes upcycling streams reduce carbon footprint formulate alternative products increase sustainability. Technical barriers integrated systems upcycle through biological means presented. New technologies methods capture CH4, CO2 digested residual resources presented, as a) methanotrophs cultivation be feed ingredients; b) conversion micro-nutrients capturing microalgae valorized a wide range applications (e.g. biofuels, food feed, fertilizers, bioactive compounds); c) transformation biodegradable plastics precursors Polybutylene succinate, Polyhydroxyalkanoate); d) digestate valorization biochar efficient agricultural usage. Moreover, environmental factors life cycle assessment perspectives novel biorefinery revised highlighting need regionalized models assessments that can reveal most sustainable based on local conditions requirements. Despite poses some positive characteristics related benefit emissions reduction, work reveals further enhance sustainability metrics supporting
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['1879-0690', '1364-0321']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111635